Prostate cancer causes are not fully able to be explained, but it appears that changes in the DNA of a prostate cell bring on the cancer. DNA is what makes up our genes, which in turn can control how individual cells behave under certain circumstances. We inherit DNA from our parents, and they from their ancestors. A very small percentage, around five to ten percent, of prostate cancer seems to be linked to these changes that are inherited.
Prostate cancer has also been shown to be possibly linked to certain hormones' high levels. Higher than average levels of the male hormone androgens has been shown to possibly play a part in the risk of contracting prostate cancer. Researchers have also noted that men who have a high level of a hormone known as IGF-1 are more likely to suffer from prostate cancer. But other scientists have not agreed with the finding of this link. More research is definitely needed in the area of prostate cancer causes.
We can only use risk factors to help determine what causes prostate cancer, since we don't know what exactly is the most causative factor. Various cancers will have different risk factors, and some, like smoking, can be controlled. But others, like family history or age, cannot be altered.
The presence of risk factors isn't a sure sign, either. Some people have many risk factors, but never develop cancer. At the same time, other people with no apparent risk factors, do develop cancer. The links between risk factors and prostate cancer is not fully clear.
The most important risk factor appears to be age. Your chance of developing prostate cancer goes up most speedily after you reach fifty years of age. Nearly two of three prostate cancer cases occurs in men over 65 years of age.
Race appears to be another risk factor in the development of prostate cancer. For reasons unknown, African-American men are affected more than men of other races. They are also more likely to suffer from the more advanced stages of the disease, and thus are more likely to die because of prostate cancer. In addition, prostate cancer occurs more often in non-Hispanic white men than in Hispanic/Latino and Asian-American men. The reasons for these differences in likelihood are not clearly understood.
Nationality is another factor for the development of prostate cancer. It is most common in northwestern Europe and North America than in most other geographic reasons. It is less commonly found in South America, Central America, Africa and Asia. This statistic may be unreliable, and only due to the fact that fewer diagnosed cases are reported in underdeveloped countries.
Some family history of the disease seems to be apparent in prostate cancer cases. Men who have a brother or a father who have had it may be more likely to get it as well. This is especially true if the relatives developed the disease when they were young.
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Many factors can contribute to prostate cancer, and not all the causative factors are yet know.